Born in Stefanin (in the Kiev Governorate) on the 17th of August, 1868. In 1879 he moved to Warsaw with his family where he met the Communist activists of the First Proletariat. In 1885 he commenced his studies at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Jagiellonian University. Forced to leave the Galician Autonomy – then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire – on account of his activity in the Socialist movement, he emigrated to Geneva where he stayed until 1889. Once there, he established contacts with Polish émigré Socialists. After his return to Warsaw, Abramowski was involved in the works of the Second Proletariat, but eventually parted ways with that environment due to his refusal to accept terror as a political strategy. He organized the Polish Socialist movement unification congress in Paris in 1892, which – apart from the creation of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) - resulted in the establishment of the Union of Polish Socialists Abroad. He was chosen a member of the latter organization’s leadership called ‘Centralization’. Arrested by the French authorities, he had to move to England first and then to Switzerland, before returning to Poland. On the turn of the 19th century, he revised his attitude towards Marxism, moving away from its positions on many points. In 1915 he was made the head of the Department of Psychology at the University of Warsaw. Abramowski was a friend of the writer Stefan Żeromski and served as the prototype for the character of Szymon Gajowiec in one of the most important political works of the period, namely, Żeromski’s novel entitled Przedwiośnie (The Spring to Come). He died in Warsaw on the 21st of June, 1918. His main works include Pierwiastki indywidualne w socjologii (1899; under the pen-name of Z.R. Walczewski); Zagadnienia socjalizmu (1899, as M.A. Czajkowski), Socjalizm a państwo. Przyczynek do krytyki współczesnego socjalizmu (1904), Badania doświadczalne nad pamięcią (3 vol., 1910-12), and Pisma. Pierwsze zbiorowe wydanie dzieł treści filozoficznej i społecznej (4 vol., 1924-28).
