B. Jan 15, 1813, Warsaw. After the collapse of the rising of 1831 he emigrated to France. During the Springtime of Nations he came back to Poland but since he was not allowed to work at the Jagiellonian University, in 1851 he again moved to France, where he died in 1894. His works are focusing mainly on historical, social and political subjects. He wrote also to “Młoda Polska”, “Dziennik Narodowy”, “Biblioteka Warszawska”, “Czas”, “Messager de Paris” and “Le Figaro”.